Descriptive Essay Home Sweet Home - 944 Words

I recall the incident like it was yesterday, the towering, sturdy, red brick home, beautified by the mesmerizing flower beds and glistening cobblestone, it was simply breathtaking. Nothing could match the magnitude of my one-acre backyard and playroom, which witnessed much of my childhood, apart from my parents. Not only was the house spectacular, but also the area, which we resided, contained the most interesting and charitable people I had ever encountered. Beeton, a place full of life and exhilaration, one I will never dismiss from my mind; home sweet home. On my street, it was marvellous that my best friends lived mere houses away from me. I spent my entire childhood, creating the fondest memories with extraordinary people. Growing on that very foundation with such an astonishing community, strengthened the bond I shared with the four walls that guarded me as I experienced life. Until one day, that euphoria disappeared in seconds. It was a pleasant summer day in June; I had just perfected the game of hopscotch with my good companion Angela. As I raced inside, past the thick stack of papers marked confidential, I notice my parents waiting patiently for my presence in the kitchen. â€Å"Josephine, your father and I have decided to buy a house in Woodbridge, we must be out of the residence before the two week deadline is up, you will be staying at your grandmother’s house while we transition into our new neighbourhood, we will not have any debate on this arrangement,† myShow MoreRelatedDescriptive Essay : Home Sweet Home1013 Words   |  5 Pagescame from, to meet my family, and to know their culture. Unfortunately, there comes a time when you realize that you have to carry your country in your heart and look for another safe â€Å"home sweet home.† We finally arrived after a long, 13-hour flight. After 6 years of being in the United States, we were finally home. I couldn’t find words to describe how I felt when we reached Beirut. The next day, we decided, my brother and I, to take the kids for a ride and we promised them that, â€Å"Today, we willRead MoreDescriptive Essay2288 Words   |  10 PagesHow to Write a Descriptive Essay More than many other types of essays, descriptive essays strive to create a deeply involved and vivid experience for the reader. Great descriptive essays achieve this affect not through facts and statistics but by using detailed observations and descriptions. What do you want to describe? As you get started on your descriptive essay, its important for you to identify exactly what you want to describe. Often, a descriptive essay will focus on portraying one of theRead MoreMy Favorite Food848 Words   |  4 Pages-Here are some guidelines for writing a descriptive essay: Take time to brainstorm If your instructor asks you to describe your favorite food, make sure that you jot down some ideas before you begin describing it. For instance, if you choose pizza, you might start by writing down a few words: sauce, cheese, crust, pepperoni, sausage, spices, hot, melted, etc. Once you have written down some words, you can begin by compiling descriptive lists for each one. Use clear and concise language. Read MoreThe Ballad Of Birmingham Poem1385 Words   |  6 Pagesis a well structured essay by Dudley Randall which describes minutes before an innocent girl dies in one of the most unimaginable ways. I believe losing her child is a hard thing for a mother to go through. I enjoy the end rhyme and the ability for the audience to understand the poem’s composition. I do not like the way the poem’s tone starts off in a violent manner â€Å"And the clubs and hoses, guns, and jails aren’t good for a little child†(Randall 7). The focus of the essay, up until the last twoRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Dumb Essay1325 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"I completely bullcrapped that essay† These were the words uttered so often before turning in assignments in Mrs.Batson’s eleventh grade English class. I wasn’t the only one who used this phrase before a paper was due, in fact my whole class admitted to â€Å"bullcrappi ng† for her essays. I remember sitting in the back of her beige classroom, that was painted with Macbeth quotes and classroom rules posters, thinking; â€Å"how did I get here?†. I had the same teacher as everyone else in my eleventh grade classRead MoreDescriptive Essay : My Old House1161 Words   |  5 PagesKenneth Lee Ms. Fenenbock Eng105 8/29/13 Descriptive Essay: Final Draft My Old House My old house has some of my greatest memories and experiences as a child. My mom, dad, uncle and grandma were the caretakers of me, my older brother, and two older sisters. As you can tell, we had a huge family. They immigrated to America 20 years ago to start a family. I remembered we had a huge back yard with a lot of nature around. My parents who were farmers really knew how to take care of plants and animalsRead MoreCulture Shock1485 Words   |  6 PagesDaniel Dhanaraj Descriptive Essay Culture Shock: An Integration in a New Country LIBS - 7001 February 21, 2011 The word ‘CULTURE’ has been derived from the Latin word ‘CULTURA’ which means to cultivate, to grow (Harper 2010). Anthropologist Edward B. Taylor, defines culture as â€Å"That complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits.† (O’Neil 2006). This is the basic premise that beliefs, morals, and customs are all based on one’sRead MoreMexico Mask Essay1422 Words   |  6 PagesThree major themes of Mexico and the Mexican people include duality, fatalism, and masks. These three issues are prevalent throughout the culture and history of the nation. They are represented and mentioned in two descriptive texts and a film. The two texts include Ridings essay The Mexicans and a chapter of Octavio Pazs book, The Labyrinth of Solitude entitled Mexican Masks . The film was presented by the National Geographic Society as an overview of Mexican culture entitled The Mexicans:Read M oreOrange Peel and Chili Extract: a Household Insecticide1667 Words   |  7 Pagesas an Insecticide. Basically, this study’s purpose is to answer the following questions: 1.) what are the contents of Chilies and Orange Peel? 2.) How effective are Chilies and Orange Peel extracts as an organic insecticide? This study used the descriptive-comparative method. Described were the contents of Chilies and Orange Peel extracts and how effect these solutions are. This study focused on the exact time the pests did after they are sprayed by the organic insecticide. Based on the findings andRead MoreThe History of The Old Lie and Poetry of Wilfred Owen2490 Words   |  10 PagesThe History of The Old Lie and Poetry of Wilfred Owen Dulce et Decorum Est Pro Patria Mori is a Latin saying that was expressed by the roman poet Horace. It means It is sweet and fitting to die for your country. When Owen wrote his poetry based on his experience of the Great War he did not agree with this saying; he wrote poetry that was full of horror yet told the truth. Therefore he called this saying the old lie. Owen called it this because war was no longer

The Movie The Hammer - 779 Words

Before watching the movie the â€Å"The Hammer† I didn’t know what to expect. I had never seen a deaf movie before and I wasn’t sure if I was going to be able to understand the movie completely. Watching the movie wasn’t as hard as I expected it to be, and I enjoyed it. The best part about it was that it’s based on the true story about Matthew â€Å"The Hammer† Hamill. The movie starts off by introducing a little boy named Matt. We find out that Matt is completely deaf. His grandfather doesn’t take the new lightly and is slightly in denial on the fact that his grandson is deaf. The baby’s mother talks about deaf schools and teaching the boy sign language. The grandfather doesn’t believe in those kind of institutions and believes his†¦show more content†¦His senior year of high school he applies to only two major colleges; Purdue University and Rochester Institute of Technology, he was accepted into both. He and his grandfather had dreams of him going to Purdue and playing on their wrestling team; he didn’t think he’d get in. RIT was out of the question but with his mother’s encouragement he applied as well. While at his first year at Purdue, he struggled. He only knew how to read lips, and the large fast pace classrooms were too much to handle. Although he had an interpreter in all his classes, it was useless. He barely knew any sign language and his grades were affected by his inability to comprehend what the professors where saying. Eventually he was kicked off the wrestling team due to his grades. This scene in the movie made me realize that Deaf people could not only read lips, but they should all learn how to sign as well. Sign Language is a universal method of communication between Deaf, Hard of Hearing, and Hearing people. The next year he took up RIT’s offer and attended that fall. It was as if RIT was a whole new world for him. There wa s a large community of Deaf people that attended the school. Almost everyone on campus, Deaf or not, was able to Sign. At first it was hard for him to communicate with other Deaf students because English was his first and only language at the time; he knew how to sign, but very little. With the helpShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie The Hammer 863 Words   |  4 Pages The movie, The Hammer, tells the story of a Deaf boy, Matt Hamill, who grows up to become the first Deaf wrestler to win the NCAA Wrestling Championship and accomplishes this three years in a row. The movie is an inspiring true story of what Matt Hamill experiences throughout his childhood and adolescence as a Deaf person living in a hearing world. Furthermore, the film gives the hearing culture an idea of what it is like to be Deaf and the trials and tribulations that some Deaf people face. ThereRead MoreDr. Horrible and Situationalism in Dr. Horrible ´s Sing-Along Blog849 Words   |  4 PagesWhen most people think about a movie with super heroes and villain they think of a movie about the hero defeating the villain. Dr. Horrible’s Sing-Along Blog is not one of those movies. In this movie we see that the main focus is on the villain Billy aka Dr. Horrible. This movie is about him trying to get into the evil league of evil, or ELE, which is a group of the most evil villains in this world, but also he is trying to get the love of his life, Penny, to fall in notice him. The first time sheRead MoreMisconception of the God of Lighting Marvels Version1610 Words   |  7 Pagesdescription of a blonde blue-eyed god, carries an electric hammer that can crush mountains and flies the god through the air, and talks in an old English Shakespeare speaking? That would be the famous Norse God of Lighting, Thor, or at least in the Marvels version he is like that in the movi e Thor. Marvels version of Norse Mythology is actually different from the actual mythology which results a misconception of the myth to the people who watch the movie Thor. People sometime believe that Marvels versionRead MoreThor Hero Archetype1674 Words   |  7 PagesPeyton Wineski Mrs. Fleming English 1025-i02 24 October 2017 Thor The Hero In the movie Thor, made in 2011, the main character and beholder of the â€Å"Mjolnir† Thor Odinson is the Asgardian God of thunder. He is the controller of the storms, causing rain, wind, thunder, and lightning whenever he wants, using his magical hammer, the â€Å"Mjolnir†. Thor displays the hero archetype by showing heart, bravery, and caring for others when he is able to overcome all of the obstacles thrown his way by his fatherRead MoreRita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption1218 Words   |  5 Pagesget him a rock hammer. Red is a little suspicious at first, thinking this may be a lethal object (which it is). However he understands Andys request a little more when the hammer arrives. Andy used the hammer to shape himself rocks he finds in the exercise yard. He is aiming to complete an entire chess set. Andy and Red develop a very respectful friendship. After some time Andy comes into the movie theatre and asks Red to get him a poster of Rita Hayworth, who appears on the movie screen that RedRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Theft Of Thors Hammer1034 Words   |  5 PagesIn the myth â€Å"The Theft of Thor’s Hammer†, it is more of a straightforward story rather than one with multiple problems and solutions. Thor lost his hammer, Loki finds it with the frost giant Thrym, then they make a deal and he gets it back (with some little things scattered about in the middle). This myth shows feminist, anthropological, and psychological approaches through different parts of the myth, short as it is. In society, myths are used to tell stories. Stories that either are used just forRead MoreThe Mythology Of Norse Mythology1659 Words   |  7 Pagesred beard and his hammer. Thor was pulled in a chariot by two goats, whose names were Tanngnoist and Tanngrisnir. Thor’s chariot was a little different than the normal chariot though, his was not rode on the ground, Thor rode his in the sky. Whenever there was a storm coming, you could hear the sound of his chariot and sometimes you could hear his two goats with it, too.This usually happened when Thor was fighting the Frost Giants, which were a nemesis of the Norse Gods. His hammer, Mjollnir, was whatRead More Rhetorical Analysis of The Shawshank Redemption Essay798 Words   |  4 Pageseffective methods that displayed signs of hope in such a horrible place. Andy maintained hope by distracting his mind and always staying occupied. Andy was also inspired to survive by helping others find hope in life. The creators of this movie used several effective, and often subtle, methods to illustrate the hope found in Andy and his surroundings. Andy was always portrayed as a clean-cut and well-groomed prisoner with his shirt always buttoned and his hair always combed. This self-respectRead MorePostmodernism Of The Rocky Horror Picture Show1065 Words   |  5 PagesForbidden Planet. The setting of the film its self is a spooky manor and set piece that is almost identical to the sets from Hammer Film Productions such as The Curse of Frankenstein (Terence Fisher, 1957) and the remake of The Old Dark House (William Castle, 1963). When we first meet Dr. Frankenfurter, he suggests that all characters (and audience) â€Å"take in an old Steve Reeves movie† and by the films climax Frankenfurter is dressed like burlesque queen Lili St. Cyr and being carried up an RKO radio towerRead MoreThere Are Many Types Of Conditioning That People Used To1427 Words   |  6 Pagesrate a hammer woul d hit the steel bar and cause him to have fear of the rat and cry every time the hammer struck the steel. Later after a few weeks the kid Albert began to fear the white rat and cry even after the hammer didn’t strike the steel bar. So in this experiment of Pavlov showed that a rat could have a condition response from it even though it was a neutral response at first (McLeod, 2014). For me an example classical condition would be how I run away when I see a scary movie. So when

Mustika Ratu Case Summary Free Essays

Mustier Rat’s Marketing Strategy Throughout the sass, the company expanded its line traditional cosmetics (facial care decorative makeup, hair and body care product) and the established itself as the uncontested market leader – by 1998, four out of very 10 cosmetic products sold in Indonesia were Mustier Rata brands. Positioned as competitively priced, quality products formulated specifically for Indonesian skin. Company literature reinforced that its products were natural and integrated timeless Indonesian beliefs of the health and beauty properties of local plants and herbs. We will write a custom essay sample on Mustika Ratu Case Summary or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mustier Rat’s Jambs appealed to several market segments. Segment : Men, women, adults, and teenagers. Target : Predominantly middle- to upper-middle-income cue insurers. Positioning : Products were natural and integrated timeless Indonesian levels of the health and beauty properties of local plants and herbs. Condition of competition in the jam segment was becoming fierce in the next following years. Many roadside stalls selling jambs to cure headaches, boost sexual drive or to reduce weight were common. These jambs were targeted at the middle- to lower-income market segment. So, Mustier Rata also competed in these market segments with their flank brand â€Å"Garage Jambs†. According to the company’s 1 997 annual report, this line â€Å"contributed to overall profitability and had great potential for future growth. † Exhibit low are Mustier Rat’s product differentiation based on market segment. Each segment has each marketing strategy that suitable to applied to their market. Based on reading text, Mustier Rat’s core value that become major quality of Mustier Rat’s product was high quality of their natural ingredients. It become a competitive factor for Mustier Rata differentiation to another brands. This competitive factor that Mustier Rata tried to sell from their marketing campaign. This became a major focus in the company’s marketing communications. An average of over 25 percent of annual net sales was spent n marketing campaigns which promoted value-priced, natural alternatives to imported cosmetics. Another key promotion activity that increased the company’s profile was sponsorship of several major beauty events, including the Miss Indonesia pageant. B. R. A. Immorality’s high profile as an owner of Mustier Rata, who granted meritorious achievement in the promotion of Indonesian culture and traditions and the Asian Institute’s Marketing Management Award (in 1992 and 1 995) also increased Mustier Rat’s profile in domestic area. Mustier Rat’s Distribution Strategy Over the years, Mustier Rata had developed its own well-established and highly organized distribution system, controlled through a recently installed information technology (IT) control system. The application of improved IT control systems ensured a higher level of service and more efficient delivery schedules as well as more accurate and timely consumer information. IT system was also installed due to the the challenges posed by Indonesian geography, which is Indonesian area is so vast. Another significant challenge in distribution in Indonesia was the highly fragmented nature of the retail industry – thousands of small outlets and roadside stalls accounted for a significant percentage of Indonesian retail activity. Mustier Rata used all of kind distribution channel to market their extensive product lines. Mustier Rata Brand’s Distribution Channel ‘ Lower- and middle- income brand : ubiquitous stalls, wet markets, conventional retail shop, supermarket, direct sales channel Upper- income brand : Department stores, company-owned stores, direct sales force Since 1 992, Mustier Rata had concentrated on intensifying their department store distribution channel. Another key strategy was to increase of distribution channels previously managed by third parties in their most densely populated and lucrative markets. The establishment of Mustier Rata-owned and operated distribution systems resulted in an average of two and one-half percent increase in Mustier Rat’s operating margins. Delivery time was also shortened, and quality of service provided to retail outlets was enhanced. Company also changed its accounts receivable policy, shortening the due period from 90 days to 30 days. Namely it addressed lead times and resulted to smaller order lots. According to Essayist on the reading text, the company’s distributors were his â€Å"eyes and ears† monitoring customer opinion and relaying vital market information to the corporate marketing department. Mustier Rat’s International Market In international markets, Mustier Rata used a combination of in-house owned operated distribution channels, as well as contracted distributors. Malaysia The company’s most significant international market, accounting for 70% of international revenue. 1 995, Mustier Rata established several â€Å"House of Mustier Rata† treatment centers, which resulted in doubling sales. Target Market : Indigenous Malay (properly target), Chinese (lasted catered), Middle market products. Philippines : Demographics in Philippines market were relatively similar with domestic product lines. Target Market : Health and beauty products for teenage girls was one of the least crowded market segments. Next step in penetrating the Filipino market was to capitalize on the established third-party distribution channels used for the body splash and to introduce other product within the Putter line as well as Mustier Rat’s slimming Tea. The Middle East : Mustier Rata had opened 14 â€Å"House of Mustier Rata† outlets in United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt. Target Market : Brand with in developing natural products that adhered to the Muslim ‘Hall’ standards -? products made with no animal fat and that had never been tested on animals. Other Countries : The another countries was : Hong Kong and Holland (Mail order distribution channel) South Africa, Canada, Australia, China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam Taiwan, and Thailand (Investigating Market) Successfully Navigating Through A Chaotic External Environment Mustier Rata had averted the misfortune in 1 998 that had befallen many of heir competitors through cautious investment of the proceeds of their PIP (much of which had not been used as originally planned), mostly in short term deposits at foreign-owned banks. How to cite Mustika Ratu Case Summary, Papers

Moral Ecology of a Forest and Marketing management

Question: How to butterflies craft can be profitable and sustainable using natural resources in market. Answer: Strategy Formulation: Segmentation: The process of segmentation involves discovery of the kinds of consumers existing in the market with varied needs (Porter and Heppelmann 2014). For instance in the auto market, certain consumers demand speed along with performance, while the rest might opt for safeties of the cars. The product in discussion, the butterfly craft has also different demands in its market. Certain high society people might want it to decorate their house interiors while students pursuing higher studies in arts and hand-made craft products might want it to learn something new. However, the interesting part with this product is that no matter what customer exists or is in need of these crafts, the products are all same. The only thing that differs is the purpose for which the consumers would want to buy this product. The high income group consumers are the ones who would comprise of the major segments for such products. Customers who want to stand separately from the crowd generally desire this kind of products. They want to show others they possess something that is unique and classy and comes at a price that is not affordable by many (Hollensen 2015.). Moreover, these butterfly craft products should be made available in those demographics where the producers have the best chance to find consumers to buy such products. Targeting: In this targeting step, the company likes to target on or more segments and that choice depends on various factors. For products like this, the makers try finding out the broadness of the segment and the ways it would grow over the years (Venter, Wright and Dibb 2015). Moreover, the manufactures also need to identify whether they acquire that required strength to assist in appealing a particular segment of consumers for long time. The manufacturers need to consider certain markets and identify people present in that market and ask them certain questions. The makers should not question those people about the business; rather it should be an informal discussion where people speak about themselves, giving them enough opportunity to express themselves and the kind of art lover they consider themselves to be. It should not be any sort of surveys or multiple-choice questions that normal companies tend to do, its more of giving them the chance to explain themselves. The target market for such products would be as stated earlier the high-income group of people. People who might not have enough knowledge about such arts and crafts like butterfly design, but still buy them in order to design and decorate their homes as they have the money to do so. Then there might be people who are ardent art lovers and want possession of such products as a part of their art collection. Lastly, the arts students who are pursuing their careers and learning different forms of arts and crafts might want to have these products at certain times. Positioning: The process of positioning takes into account the factor of implementing in the target market. Effective positioning of product is essential for success, even more while marketing a new product or a product that is made of natural resources and can be scarce (Kotler et al. 2015). The producers should address the significant buying criteria of customers and articulate main characteristics of products. Arts and crafts like those that butterfly design is made by certain group of artists and the popularity of such art design would help in focusing on the community of artists that best makes such crafts. The manufacturers need to aim in directing their focus towards the unique characteristics of definite users and their purchasing decisions. Marketing Mix: Product: The product in discussion is the Butterfly designed craft that is being made out of natural resources. There are certain factors that are associated with the products that need to be identified and understood by the manufacturers or producers (Huang. and Sarigll 2014). For the fact that it is made of natural resources makes this product even more special that needs to be handled carefully. The makers should be able to utilize these natural resources to the best of their capabilities so that nothing goes waste and the consumers get the best designs for their walls and interiors. The product would be introduced in different forms like leaves of branches of trees, marble papers or tissue papers and should be priced accordingly. Price: The term Price can be referred to the choice of suitable methods in forming the real price of the products. It is no furtive that people does pay detailed attention to the price factor of the purchased product, especially if the product is costly. Price is the only factor that generates sales revenue. The value factor of the customer needs to be weighed before making any decision regarding price. As the butterfly design craft is made out of natural resources the price is stated to be higher, even more because of the fact that it is produced for high-income people (Henderson 2015). The clients may be price sensitive. The high-income people generally likes buying handicrafts which are high price and unique as it upgrades their status even more. The prices of tissue paper butterfly crafts specially for children will be priced at mid-level, whereas, the butterfly craft of leaves from trees would be priced at high level. Place: It is the method of transferring and accumulating goods and making them reachable to consumers. Reports suggest that one fifth of the cost of products is related to distribution. Distribution of such crafty designs need to be done very carefully as a little slip would damage the whole product which is impossible to replace. The place of distribution needs to be according to the target market. The producers or the suppliers should know where art lovers or potential buyers of such products go to buy them. The products should be made available to stores that sell such items and are situated in posh areas where the target buyers visit often. Promotion: It is the real procedure of communicating with customers. In this process organizations or producers provide customers with relevant information required to make decisions. The promotion of such natural resource made Butterfly crafts can be at big art exhibitions, trade fair where art lovers often visit (Coloniality 2016). Such exhibitions and fairs could aim at producing the positive response of customers and deals with promotional strategy decisions. These products might not be available in huge numbers to the consumers. Therefore, the consumers need to be quick and prompt in their decision making to have something of this sort. Reference: Coloniality, D., 2016. conservaTion rebels.Moral Ecology of a Forest: The Nature Industry and Maya Post-Conservation, p.157. Henderson, L., 2015. New Lissadell craft shop off to a great start. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Huang, R. and Sarigll, E., 2014. How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors(pp. 113-132). Springer New York. Kotler, P., Burton, S., Deans, K., Brown, L. and Armstrong, G., 2015.Marketing. Pearson Higher Education AU. Porter, M.E. and Heppelmann, J.E., 2014. How smart, connected products are transforming competition.Harvard Business Review,92(11), pp.64-88. Venter, P., Wright, A. and Dibb, S., 2015. Performing market segmentation: a performative perspective.Journal of Marketing Management,31(1-2), pp.62-83.

Are custom essay reviews genuine Essay Example

Are custom essay reviews genuine? Essay A few years back, when custom essay reviews sites were only a handful, students new to custom essay writing looked no farther than at these sites. These sites could be relied upon by students because they were genuine. The sites provided credible information on custom essay writing sites that are honest and those that are scams. That, however, was then. Things have changed drastically and new customers to the business can never count on the reviews sites. Every single day more and more people asking themselves, Are custom essay reviews genuine? Most likely, before placing an order people goes to the review sites to find at least some information or feedback on the selected company. However, unfortunately, the review sites cannot be trusted anymore because of three main reasons. First and foremost, custom essay reviews sites are owned by the very people who own tens of custom essay writing sites. In such a case, any rationally thinking custom essay writing services consumer is likely to read mischief. The review sites owned by these persons, and most of the sites are, are likely to do at least two things. First, the sites are likely to promote their own sites, which is of course what happens in most cases. Secondly, the sites can be used as grounds on which reputations of other genuine custom essay writing sites can be tarnished. We will write a custom essay sample on Are custom essay reviews genuine? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Are custom essay reviews genuine? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Are custom essay reviews genuine? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The second reason why custom essay review sites cannot, and should not, be trusted is because the contributors to these sites are customers who have been frustrated by their custom essay writing companies. Although these customers may have been frustrated in one way or another, the frustration may have been aggravated by their own cause. For instance, a customer who fails to give clear instructions, or who fails to deliver all materials necessary for an assignment, has no one to blame but themselves for custom papers that are off the point. Finally, custom essay reviews should not be trusted because those who contribute to these sites are persons who have the intention of ruining the reputation of certain custom essay writing sites while at the same time promoting others.

An ideal tax system Essays

An ideal tax system Essays An ideal tax system Essay An ideal tax system Essay Discuss the rules of an ideal revenue enhancement system and measure whether the current revenue enhancement system achieves those aims. Tax has historically been viewed as the monetary value that citizens have to pay for the protection of the province. The same rule mostly applies today, yet such is the complexness of some revenue enhancement systems that there is a good trade of argument around what really makes an ideal revenue enhancement system. An analysis of the desirable features of a revenue enhancement system and of the revenue enhancement bases in usage within a system is required to give a image of the ideal system. The UK’s current revenue enhancement system may hold its strengths, but there is surely grounds that it is presently far from being the ideal revenue enhancement system. Economists have debated the rules of the ideal revenue enhancement system for centuries. Whilst there can be some political differences as to degrees of revenue enhancement, who revenue enhancements should be levied upon and what they should be spent on, there has been wide understanding on the basic rules of a revenue enhancement system. Adam Smith for illustration offered the undermentioned four desirable features: That citizens ought to lend to the fiscal support of the authorities in proportion to their several abilities and gross Taxs should be certain non arbitrary Taxs should be levied at a clip and in a mode that is convenient for the existent taxpayer Taxs should be contrived to take out and maintain out every bit small as possible from the pockets of those within the province. States can neglect to make this through enforcing inordinate revenue enhancement punishments, blockading taxpayers’ ability to work and subjecting them to patronize and unneeded visits by revenue enhancement aggregators. In a more modern scene, Smith’s rules can be summarised as equity, certainty, convenience and efficiency. ( p2 Ch 2, Lymer, Oats A ; Hancock, Taxation Policy and Practice, Accounting Education Ltd, Birmingham, 2003 ) . Equity of revenue enhancements is possibly the most of import of the rules. Taxpayers will resent a revenue enhancement that is seen as unjust and there may good be a widespread effort to avoid payment – the canvass revenue enhancement in the UK serves as an illustration of this. Within the rule of equity nevertheless there are two steps, horizontal equity and perpendicular equity. Horizontal equity is one in which taxpayers with equal nonexempt capacity pay the same revenue enhancement, whilst perpendicular equity is employed in a system in which those with lower incomes and greater need pay proportionally less revenue enhancement. This would be the preferable option in the ideal revenue enhancement system although there are evidently hard determinations to be made as to who pays a higher degree of revenue enhancement and at what point. The efficiency of a revenue enhancement system can be measured in two ways – economic efficiency and administrative efficiency. The former entails that a system does non falsify the economic decision-making made by persons. Within the UK system there are surely some illustrations of weaknesss in this regard – for case there are different types of revenue enhancement alleviation for those who plan for retirement via an sanctioned pension strategy as opposed to those who might put in something like belongings to fund their retirement. Corrective revenue enhancements can besides hold an inauspicious consequence upon a revenue enhancement system’s economic efficiency as they can falsify the economic image – an illustration here would be when people stock up on coffin nails prior to a budget in which a high revenue enhancement addition on tobacco users is feared. Efficiency besides applies to the disposal of a revenue enhancement system. A system needs to be administered comparatively cheaply as the greater the cost, the less incoming finance there will be for authorities. Traveling conformity cost elsewhere, such as in the move towards self assessment as with some revenue enhancements in the UK is an option here, but there is a hazard that the cost of conformity is merely shifted to the taxpayer without any existent benefits for the overall economic system. In a complex revenue enhancement system, disposal becomes even more expensive with concerns in peculiar holding to pay for revenue enhancement experts to carry on their revenue enhancement personal businesss. The certainty of revenue enhancements can be linked to the taxpayers acceptance that the system is at least mostly just and so the systems overall moral legitimacy.. As Lymer et al write: â€Å"For a revenue enhancement system to be politically accountable the Government must pass for all alterations in revenue enhancement and must on a regular basis offer itself to the electorate to derive a authorization for its policies gt ; † ( p5 ch 2 Lymer et Al 2003 ) .In the ideal system, taxpayers must hold a good consciousness and apprehension of the revenue enhancements that they are required to pay. It is besides of import that the statute law for revenue enhancement is clearly defined. Ill written Torahs can be unfastened to misunderstanding and it is preferred that there is small room for fluctuation is how revenue enhancement jurisprudence is interpreted. Some revenue enhancements in the UK, such as corporation revenue enhancement or VAT frequently do non run into these standar ds. In defense mechanism of the UK system nevertheless there is a good trade of counsel in the Inland Revenue Code of Practice which gives elaborate information on issues such as a taxpayers rights and duties and the reading of revenue enhancement jurisprudence. Nonetheless there is still confusion amongst UK taxpayers as to how and when they pay their revenue enhancements and this is a failing in the system. As Lymer et Al once more conclude: â€Å"Hence revenue enhancements where the incidence is clear are to be preferred over revenue enhancements where there is disagreement and uncertainness over the ultimate remunerator of the tax.† ( Lymer et al p4 chapter 2 ) . The Tax Reform Commission argues that the complexness of the UK system has increased over the last decennary. There is grounds to back up this position – for illustration the debut of new income revenue enhancement rates and the fact that new corporate revenue enhancement rates where introduced and so removed. Such complexness is far from ideal and does little for the economic system as a whole. As KPMG study â€Å"the general tendency for the UK’s revenue enhancement system in recent old ages has been towards more complexness and less certainty, which is bit by bit doing the UK a less competitory location for industry gt ; † ( p7 Tax Matters, Tax Reform Commission 2006 ) . A brief overview of the rule revenue enhancements collected in the UK is required in measuring how far the system comes in run intoing the demands of an ideal revenue enhancement system. There are three types of revenue enhancement base within the UK system ; income which includes income revenue enhancement and corporation revenue enhancement ; wealth capital which includes capital additions, heritage revenue enhancement and stomp responsibility and ; outgo which includes value added revenue enhancement and excise responsibilities. The income revenue enhancement base and in peculiar income revenue enhancement is the revenue enhancement that provides the most gross. Entire revenue enhancement grosss for 2005/06 were an estimated ?483 billion and income revenue enhancement provided 28.1 % of this income ( p3 Adam A ; Browne, A Survey of the UK Tax System, Institute for Fiscal Studies Briefing Note, BN09, March 2006 ) . Income revenue enhancement meets the standards of convenience for many as it is deducted at beginning, yet for the freelance ego appraisal is required which can affect demoing income from a assortment of beginnings. The debut of a sawed-off self-assessment revenue enhancement return from April 2005 has benefited around 1.5 taxpayers who self buttocks ( p8 Tax Matters ) – the more simplified a system the better. However, the cost of self appraisal to the person is still a job. Personal allowances within the income revenue enhancement system besides help in footings of equity – for illustration those over 65 have a personal allowance of ?7090 before revenue enhancement compared to a?4895 allowance for those under 65. National Insurance, like income revenue enhancement is a direct revenue enhancement on net incomes collected at beginning with the difference that it is linked to certain societal security benefits. In pattern nevertheless there is small relation between payments made and benefits received for many single subscribers. Overall there are a figure of failures in the UK’s personal revenue enhancement in footings of equity. Taking into account income revenue enhancement, NI parts and loss of revenue enhancement credits, a individual working 30 hours a hebdomad on the minimal pay pays a fringy revenue enhancement rate of up to 70 % , with farther punishments through the loss of agencies tested benefits ( p57 Tax Matters 2006 ) . The fringy revenue enhancement rate is much lower for those with a higher income, beliing premises that there is perpendicular equity within the current revenue enhancement system. There are surely reforms that could better and do fairer the current personal revenue enhancement system. Reduced personal revenue enhancement, increased personal allowances and a decrease of the basic rate to 20 % would assist with this. The abolishment of tax-exempt employee benefits and allowances would besides simplify the system and, whilst it would imply a great trade of idea and work, a meeting of income revenue enhancement and National Insurance at some point in the hereafter should be considered. Within the wealth revenue enhancement base, capital additions revenue enhancement is a revenue enhancement levied on additions made from the disposal of assets by persons. The timing of this revenue enhancement allows planning by the taxpayer who can forestall the accruing of extra liabilities – in this regard the revenue enhancement meets the demands of certainty. Capital additions revenue enhancement had besides been seen as one of the fairer revenue enhancements from when indexation allowance was introduced in 1965 ( ch 8 p2 Lymer et Al ) , yet this can be questioned in more recent old ages since the abolishment of the indexation allowance and the debut of taper alleviation. There are a figure of alleviations on capital additions revenue enhancement that continue to assist it in footings of equity – these include alleviation on a principle private abode, rollover alleviation, gift alleviation and incorporation alleviation. Obviously, the sum of alleviation available on the revenue enhancement helps in footings of equity towards the taxpayer but does raise inquiries as to whether it is an effectual revenue enhancement in footings of hiking authorities caissons. Lymer et al suggest the capital additions revenue enhancement â€Å"is frequently capable to rumor about its abolishment because so small gross is raised straight from the revenue enhancement but remains in topographic point because it is seen to be necessary for a ‘fair’ revenue enhancement system† ( p2 ch2, Lymer et Al ) . Inheritance revenue enhancement is the other most noteworthy capital revenue enhancement, introduced in 1986 as a replacing for capital transportation revenue enhancement. With an estimated output of ?3.3 billion ( p17 Adam and Browne 2006 ) heritage revenue enhancement raises significant gross, yet a fairer system suggested by the Tax Reform Commission would be a shorter term capital additions revenue enhancement on decease excepting the household place – for many taxpayers the inclusion of belongings in this revenue enhancement is seen as unjust. ( p53 Tax Matters 2006 ) . Business revenue enhancements within the current system could besides be simplified. In the UK, revenue enhancements on companies are a comparatively modern construct, with the separate revenue enhancement of companies as opposed to integrating of personal and corporate net incomes merely being introduced in 1947. ( p164 May A ; King, The British Tax System, Oxford University Press, New York 1990 ) . Corporation revenue enhancement today is presently charged on the planetary net incomes of all UK-resident companies, public corporations and unincorporated associations. Other betterments to the current system of concern revenue enhancement are besides possible. Whilst the current revenue enhancement rate of 19 % for little companies is beautifully little in comparing to international criterions ( Tax Matters 2006 ) , in other countries such as alleviation on capital outgo, regulations on inward investing and revenue enhancement of abroad net incomes, UK revenue enhancements make the s tate less attractive to abroad investing. UK Business revenue enhancement jurisprudence is besides going progressively complicated, something that goes against the basic rules of the ideal revenue enhancement system. As Britain trades more and more with an integrated European Union, a revenue enhancement system that can work aboard that of the UK’s European neighbor is besides of import. In concern, possibly more than in other country of revenue enhancement, simpleness should be overriding – complexness increases the cost for concern and provides merely a negative consequence on the economic system as a whole. The administrative load of revenue enhancement ordinance on UJ concerns presently runs at ?5.1 billion, comparing to 0.5 % of GDP. ( p21 Tax Matters 2006 ) . Simplicity is at the bosom of an ideal system and there are illustrations of states that have simplified their systems and reaped the benefits. Australia and New Zealand for illustration have cut revenue enhancements and simplified their systems over the last decennary whilst at the same time accomplishing budget excesss and basking economic growing. Again the Tax Reform Commission suggests that an efficient revenue enhancement system should promote instead than deter economic growing and endeavor ; it should be just with the less good off paying a smaller proportion of their income ; it should be easy to roll up and easy to understand and ; it should be a stable system with as few alterations as possible. A farther statement in regard of UK revenue enhancements is that revenue enhancement should be agreed more at a local degree when possible. 96 % of revenue enhancements in the UK are levied centrally ( Stoker Gary,Councils need more revenue enhancement freedoms, p22 The Guardian July 3 2001 ) . Greater flexibleness for local councils and methods to prosecute local people into revenue enhancement and disbursement determinations can assist guarantee that local demands are better met. Clearly, cardinal Government can non ever understand local fortunes – as Stoker concludes: â€Å"Local councils in audience with their communities need to hold the capacity to react to local conditions without being 2nd guessed by the Centre of every issue.† ( Stoker G, The Guardian July3, 2001 ) . Overall, the ideal revenue enhancement system should be based around simpleness and easiness of aggregation. Taxpayers who understand a revenue enhancement system are more inclined to collaborate and pay in the right mode at the right clip. A complex system merely costs more to administrate and implement, something that is to the economic hurt of both the taxpayer and the authorities. A system in line with rising prices and compatible with EU revenue enhancement Torahs provides the best support for the economic system and should besides be the manner frontward for the UK revenue enhancement system. Low fringy revenue enhancement rates and a low revenue enhancement load will assist the economic system and a wide revenue enhancement base with less alleviations and allowances will give a better apprehension of the system amongst taxpayers. Tax should be vertically just so that there is less of a load on the less good off and taxpayers should understand how and when they are required to pay their revenue enhancement. The authorities is finally accountable to the electorate over its revenue enhancement policy, but ongoing audience with taxpayers on how the system should work would be ideal. There is no charming expression to making the ideal revenue enhancement system and many of the rules have been espouse by economic experts for centuries. The thought of a revenue enhancement system that is just, certain, convenient and efficient is as relevant today as of all time. Adam S A ; Browne J, A Survey of the UK Tax System, Institute for Fiscal Studies Briefing Note, BN09, March 2006 Lymer A, Oats L A ; Hancock D, Taxation Policy and Practice, Accounting Education Ltd, Birmingham, 2003. May J A ; King M, The British Tax System, Oxford University Press, New York 1990 Tax Reform Commission, Tax Matters – Reforming the Tax System, institute for Fiscal Studies Publication 2006

Organic Synthesis Sterine, (S)-Phenyl-1-Propanol and 1, Assignment

Organic Synthesis Sterine, (S)-Phenyl-1-Propanol and 1, 4-Dyhydrobenzoic Acid - Assignment Example Synthesis of organic compounds takes two forms; total or methodology. In total synthesis a whole organic compound is formed from naturally available substances. It involves many procedures until a complete compound is constructed. In the process, a variety of compounds are formed which are called intermediates. Alternatively, methodology approach put more emphasis on the process that gives good yield. Therefore, The reactions are manipulated to meet quality checks.(S)-Phenyl-1-propanol is a liquid whose boiling point and density is 94.5oC and 0.99g/cm3 respectively. It is viscous and mixes with organic solvents like benzene and toluene but does not dissolve in water. It is mostly used to transfer heat in thermal systems. On safety front, the substance is not classified as dangerous, however, it can cause harmful effects when swallowed or come into contacts with parts of the body like eyes and skin. One of the methods of preparing it is reacting benzeldehyde with diethylzinc and (Dime thylamino)isoborneol. DAIB is strong electron oxidant used in many chemical reactions. 1, 4-dihydrobenzoic acid is formed through reduction of benzoic acid in sodium dissolved in ammonia by a process called birch reaction. Generally, when benzene having an electron donating substituent are reduced, 1,4-dihydro compounds are formed.Styrene or vinyl benzene is a colourleess viscous liquid that is highly volatile. It is also a monomer used to produce polystyrene which has wide applications in plastic packaging.

Professionalism in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Professionalism in Business - Essay Example licly declared their intention to enter into an occupation that saves life or soul, usually referring to the work of priests, physicians and lawyers (Abeloff & Reynolds, 1994). For example, the declaration of the Hippocratic Oath is a public commitment to a set of values. Teaching has long been recognized as a profession along with religion, medicine and law. When the phrase "professional" appeared in the nineteenth century it was used as an adjective to describe a calling or profession, executed by a professor. "Professor" was used interchangeably with "professional man." Professors of religion and professors of law were included with professors of education. It is interesting to note that while early male teachers were addressed as "Professor", female teachers were still called "Miss." Between the Civil War and World War II, educators became more concerned with career commitment to their profession. The term "Professor" is commonly applied to teachers in colleges and universities today. (Kimball, 1992). Professionalism is a social paradigm that has evolved over time from affiliation with a craft guild as the primary characteristic of a specialist or an expert to association with a university as the principal means of determining when a person became an expert. A professional is universally distinguished from an amateur because they are involved in a full-time paid occupation. They make their living from working as a professional in their field. Many times members of an occupation proudly refer to themselves as professionals, such as professional secretaries or professional auto mechanics or professional brick layers. They believe because they have standards for their performance and are employed full-time in their occupation that they are professionals. Social... As the paper declares the word profession originates from the Latin profiteri, meaning to profess, to declare aloud, to make a public vow. The expression was first used in the English language in the 13th   century, to represent a person who makes a public oath to enter the religious service. In the 16th century, the meaning of the term was expanded to signify that someone had publicly declared their intention to enter into an occupation that saves life or soul, usually referring to the work of priests, physicians and lawyers.This discussion stresses that  professionalism is a social paradigm that has evolved over time from affiliation with a craft guild as the primary characteristic of a specialist or an expert to association with a university as the principal means of determining when a person became an expert. A professional is universally distinguished from an amateur because they are involved in a full-time paid occupation. They make their living from working as a profession al in their field. Many times members of an occupation proudly refer to themselves as professionals, such as professional secretaries or professional auto mechanics or professional brick layers. They believe because they have standards for their performance and are employed full-time in their occupation that they are professionals. Social scientists have separated professions from other occupations by the degree of expertise and complexity involved in the work itself.

Discuss the view that increased regulation will not necessarily lead Essay - 1

Discuss the view that increased regulation will not necessarily lead to higher ethical standards - Essay Example t would have been so then companies to maintain the conduct of its employees ethically sound would have been competing on number of regulations than their effectiveness. Hence, this paper is aimed to support the view that increased regulation does not necessarily increase the ethical standards. On developing the general argument, this paper will also attempt to develop support from variation in accounting and auditing treatments with level of compliance to financial regulation and ethical standard. In the end, it would suggest ways to increase ethical standard of firms and especially accounting and auditing professionals. Concerns regarding the ethical conduct of the business have gained increased attention since recent past. Accurate to state would be to mention the point in time when corporate scandals mainly Enron scandal unveiled and resulted in huge fines, reputational loss and even sentenced to jail (BBC News, 2002). It proved to be the earthquake in trust of stakeholders on the validity of information presented by firms and increased cynicism about the accounting practices worldwide (Enderle, 2004). This shake accounted the top management of the firm for the fraudulent act mainly and the question to be posed to entire mechanism that remained in-capable to indentify the deceiving accounting practices were given least or no punishments (Enderle, 2004). In the mentioned case, it was desirable to correct the existing regulation with focus to eliminate the flaws. This exercise presumably was expected to have more constructive results. The role of auditors in particular became a question mark after this scandal. Moreover on adoption of the corrective measures, the impact of current financial crises was also expected to have been mitigated to some extent; if couldn’t be eliminated in full (Argandona, 2012).Contrary to this and without taking lessons from Enron case, increased regulations were imposed on businesses. Increased regulation provided more options to

Facts about the cruel abuse of animals

Facts about the cruel abuse of animals This argument has facts about the cruel abuse of animals. The research was informative and disappointing all at once. It includes opinions of others and cases that have happened in the past years. The research was gathered y reading articles, newspapers, and search engines such as Google and New York Times. One main difficulty while writing this essay was having to read about the horrible truth of different types of animal cruelty. The easiest thing about writing this essay was researching because animal cruelty is a common argument. Animal Cruelty Animals are being used for useless products that we can live without. Many animals die due to different types of crucial testing. They suffer by going through several procedures. The goal is not to patch up ailing people but to use the human tissues in place of mice, dogs or other lab animals for testing new drugs, cosmetics and other products (New York Times, nd). With the donation of human cells, animal testing will be reduced. This way is safer can be both suited for animals and humans. Different types of animal cruelty have been around for many years. Laws relating to animal cruelty vary from state to state. As of 2009, about forty-six states have some felony provisions in their anti-cruelty and/or animal fighting laws (Wisch, 2005). As time passes and new things are being invented, people seem to loose interest in their pets. Even though people use animals for their testing/experiments, there are other ways to get a solution to something. Scientist and many others, find it easier and safer to test on animals than to test on other possible sources. They test products such as makeup, and cologne. They also use animal fur for designer clothing other types of fashion. Innocent animal rights movement had a bible; it is Singers 1975 book, Animal Liberation  (New York Times, Jan. 15, pg 30). Singer calls many of the attitudes human beings have toward other animals speciesism, a concept which can be found throughout history (Gargaro, 1991). Humans are just like animals as far as feeling pain. Many animals are killed each year for food. More than a thousand animals are killed and shipped to groceries stores to be bought. Slaughtering of cows, pigs, and other animals, happen everyday because consumers keep purchasing meat. Animals on todays factory farms are kept in crowded, filthy enclosures and denied everything natural and enjoyable to them. Most of them have no legal protection from cruelty that would be illegal if it were inflicted on dogs or cats. There are some fruits or vegetables that can give the same protein as meat. The Humane Slaughter Act requires that animals be rendered unconscious with one swift application of a stunning device before slaughter. Animals in slaughterhouses predict the worse when they smell the stench hear the sounds and often see the slaughter of those before them. As the animals struggle to cooperate with the human workers who are pressured to keep the lines moving quickly, often react abusively towards the animals.   Numerous cases of de liberate cruelty have been reported of workers who take sadistic pleasure from shooting the eyes out of cattle, striking them in the head, and electrically shocking them in sensitive areas of their bodies. The animals central nervous and endocrine systems are no different between humans. To minimize costs, animals are crowded and must live in each others excrement. They are exposed to extreme weather conditions in the open trucks. Shipping fever, which can be fatal, is common in cattle transported long distances to the feedlots, the stockyards and then the slaughterhouse (Compassionate Action Institute, nd). Animal cruelty can be either neglecting or simply failing at taking care of an animal. No matter the position of the animal, the victim can suffer terribly. People with emotional problems harm the animals in different ways. Neglect is not giving an animal the right care it should be given. Animals who die of neglect suffer twice as much as animals, who die of mistreatment. Scientist can do horrible things to animals that other people cant do legally, but every state has some protection for pets like dogs and cats. There are different cases in animal cruelty, for example cockfighting and dog fighting. Animal cruelty has not gone away. In Brea, California, 85 children, from kindergarten through 12th grade, witnessed a cow being slaughtered at Carbon Canyon Christian School, according to PETA Action Alerts. They got to experience the cruel act instead of reading it in books. Chances are if an animal is being abused and there is a child in that household, then the child is also being abu sed. Chances are that a child abusing an animal can grow up to be someone who commits other violent crimes. Studies also found that a history of animal abuse was found in 25% of male criminals, 30% of convicted child molesters, 36% of domestic violence cases and 46% of homicide cases (The National Animal Abuse Registry, nd). Vegetarians examine the animals that are abused ad rig its perpetrators to court. People engage in animal cruelty, everywhere throughout the world. There are many reasons why people mistreat animals, some individuals act on sadistic desires; others neglect them and eat them without caring. Animals are used as dummies because people think they arent harming anyone by doing so. In the past few years, organizations and caring human beings have been using the internet to spread facts of animal cruelty, a great plan considering animal abuse will only continue until enough people come face-to-face with the unbarring truth. To fight this many scientists, authors, lawyers, and politicians have valued their time and money to save suffering animals. Thanks to the individuals who gathered animal cruelty facts, people are now noticing the suffering ad mistreatment they undergo. The incredible gift of medicine would not be possible without animal testing. Those who believe that using animals for testing think that its better to have them endure the product first for safe purposes. The things that make people believe that animal testing is wrong are that they believe that what the scientists do is with bad intensions. Scientists dont do it with bad intensions they do it because it might save lives or cure an illness. For example, if scientists test a new drug that they think will cure a disease they can test it on an animal to see if their theory is right and if it is, they can use it on humans who have that disease. Animal testing is used in many different ways, but mainly to prevent harm from being brought upon humans. Animal testing is used in several areas of research drug testing, and the testing of cosmetics. Research investigates many topics including memory, social behavior, evolution, genetics, and how animals develop normally and abnormally. Drug te sting is used to test pharmaceutical drugs on animals before the drugs are exposed to the public for use. Cosmetic testing includes the final testing of a product or their ingredients either individually or combined. This testing is the most controversial and is banned in Europe (n.a, 2007). In the history of animal testing, many good things have come from it. The US Foundation for Biomedical Research says that animal research has played a vital role in virtually every major medical advance of the last century for both human and animal health. Animal drug testing on penicillin, organ transplants, was used in the creation of a vaccine for polio. There are some misconceptions about animal testing. Many people believe that dogs, cats, and monkeys are the main animals used in research, but in fact, about 90 percent of animals used are rats and mice. Only .1 percent of animals used are primates, and only .4 percent are cats and dogs. People also believe that stray animals are picked up off the street and thrown into labs for testing. Not only is that not done, but it is also illegal (William Hamblin, 2007). In the past 20 years the number of animals tested on has been cut in half. Few topics are more hair-raising than the controversy over fur. Celebrities use fur as a sense of fashion. An undercover expert at Intelligent Life points out, it is eco-hogwash to boast that something is better because it is made from natural or renewable fibers. (Caitlin Dickson, 2011). The truth is that the meat and leather trades are economically intertwined, and all the environmental issues that come with raising cattle for meat-such as habitat loss, emissions of greenhouse gases and resource use, not to mention the overuse of antibiotics-also apply to leather. So an alternative option is to look for skins that have a positive impact on habitat and wild-animal numbers. (Caitlin Dickson, 2011). A fur coat is a great way to keep warm. No matter what occasion, fur is always in style. Many top international designers are using fur in their collections. Fur is a fiber that lasts for many years. Fur is biodegradable and a renewable resource. Fur can be worn for all occasions. Furs can be used for any season. The fur trade is a proud North American heritage. Strict government controls ensure that trade is okay as longest on endangered are used. The fur trade is a responsible, and well-regulated. Animal cruelties can also be fighting of animals. The ASPCA is wiping out animal fighters and saving thousands of animals from the horrors of abuse. Animal fighting is a contest in which people force animals to fight for entertainment. In some instances, they will use weak animals as bait to train the other stronger animals. In organized dog fighting cases, two dogs are put into a ring or pit to fight until one can not continue or dies. Street dog fighting cases occur in many city locations. In cockfighting handlers attach a razor or gaff to each roosters leg and put them into a ring to fight to the death. Cockfighting is considered family entertainment. Organized animal fighting is usually secretive and very difficult for law enforcement to find. Accordingly, it is rare for investigators to find a fight in progress. Animal fighting activities relate to crimes such as gambling, drug dealing, weapons offenses and money laundering. Stealing of pets to fight them is also a crime. In organized animal fighting cases, there are usually a large number of animals who must be catalogued as evidence, provided with medical treatment, and sheltered during the pendency of the court case. Furthermore, security precautions may be necessary at the shelter because animals considered to be from champion bloodlines are in danger of being stolen. Mans best friend may fight to the death in dogfights, often with a lot of money in stake. Dogfighters sometimes kill the losing dogs, and even winning dogs may die from their wounds. Drugs, guns, and even murders are discovered in dogfights. Street dog fighting, however, is on the rise in urban areas. Neighborhood pit bull owners seek status or bragging rights of fights in back alleys or basements. They are making inroads into street dog fighting, too. All fighting dogs suffer, whether in the pit or out. Although they are pack animals, they get immune to fighting more dogs and live lives on chains or locked in cages. Whether any emotional problems, any animal should not be brutally beat. Neglect is a major impact o animals ad ca suffer terribly from it.. All states have animal cruelty laws, and most of them treat some forms of abuse as felonies. Farmers and researchers can do cruel things to animals that other people cant do legally, but all states have some protection for pets like dogs and cats. Animal neglect is the failure to provide care required for an animal to be successful. At first glance, cases may not seem as bad, but severe neglect can mean long periods of suffering, resulting to injury or death. Large amounts of neglect can affect hundreds of animals The Animal Legal Defense Fund maintains a database of criminal animal cruelty cases in the U.S. reported to our organization. In the last ten years, over 30% of cases that we have tracked involve animal neglect (n.a, 2010). Although animals can be used for finding a cure, shelter, or even making money, its wrong to abuse of them for personal needs. They are a big part in our lives and do not need to be abused for no reason. They are the victims.

The Psychodynamic Model of Abnormality Essay -- Papers Psychology

The Psychodynamic Model of Abnormality The psychodynamic model of abnormality is useful to an extent. However it has many weaknesses. The psychodynamic model of abnormality was initiated by Sigmund Freud. Sigmund Freud was very interested in hysteria. This is the manifestation of physical causes. He became convinced that unconscious mental causes were responsible not just abnormality but also normality. Freud developed Psychoanalysis. This is a set of techniques for treating the unconscious causes of mental disorders and built up a psychoanalytic theory of how human personality and abnormality develop from childhood. His psychoanalytic approach had a great impact on psychology and psychiatry and was developed by other psychodynamic theorists. Psychoanalysis had a very fixed set of assumptions. One of these is the unconscious processes where many important influences on behaviour come from a part of the mind we have no awareness of called the unconscious. Another assumption is psychodynamic conflict. Different parts of the mind are in constant struggle with each other and the consequences of this are important in understanding behaviour. Freud also believed that behaviour is motivated by sexual and aggressive drives. The drives create psychic energy that builds up and create tension and anxiety if it cannot be released. Another assumption is development where personality is shaped by relationships, experiences and conflict, particularly during childhood. Freud’s psychoanalysis is probably the most important psychodynamic theory. His ideas developed a... ...century. It has had a significant effect on a wide range of disciplines such as anthropology, women’s studies and theology. Also, the sharp distinction between abnormality and normality of the biological model is ignored. Doing this, it has created more sympathy for people with psychological disorders. Psychoanalysis is more humane with its focus on talking as opposed to drugs, shock therapy or brain surgery. It also has the power to enhance our understanding of ourselves and from the number of people who testify how it has helped them in their own lives. In conclusion, the psychodynamic model is useful as it is still being used today by professional psychiatrists and works with many people. However, there are a lot of weaknesses to outweigh the positives, which means that the model can be seriously questioned.

Best Practices in Human Capital Development Essay

Human capital refers to the stock of productive skills and technical knowledge embodied in labor. Many early economic theories refer to it simply as labor, one of three factors of production, and consider it to be a fungible resource – homogeneous and easily interchangeable. Other conceptions of labor dispense with these assumptions. Today’s Globalization and competition among companies made companies to select the best practices for Human Capital Development. This Research contributes to the Best Human Capital Development Practices that are implemented by the companies and continues with in-depth study of its Weakness and Strengths and calculate the production metrics of each practice. Accenture Human Capital Development Framework (HCDF) Research from HCI (Human Capital Institute) shows that Human Capital Development Framework is one of the best Human Capital Development practice in the corporate world. The Accenture HCDF uses four distinct measurement tiers in arriving at an assessment of an organization’s human capital practices. These tiers reflect the key variables that influence the relationship between a company’s human capital assets and its financial performance: Tier 1, Business results, consists of measures of organizational performance (e. g. , traditional financial analyses featuring EVA TM, revenue growth, market share and stock performance). Tier 2, Key performance drivers, consists of measures of intermediate organizational outcomes (e. g. , productivity, quality, innovation and customer satisfaction) often captured on a balanced scorecard. Tier 3, Human Capital Capabilities, consists of the most immediate and visible people-related qualities (including employee attitudes and abilities) that are necessary for achieving critical business outcomes. Their influence is felt through key performance drivers. Page 2 Tier 4, Human Capital Processes, consists of practices that lead to robust and effective human capital capabilities. Included in this tier are core HR processes (e. g. , competency management and performance appraisal) and broader human capital processes such as learning and knowledge management. Strengths: Individual Development is focused, Growth Oriented, Human Resource Identification and Performance Appraisal. Weakness: Team Management is Absent, Production rates and costly. 360-Degree Performance Management Feedback System As per Research with HR Capital Management and Development, Report, 2007: This system, which solicits feedback from seniors (including the boss), peers and subordinates, has been increasingly embraced as the best of all available methods for collecting performance feedback. Gone are the days of working hard to impress only one person, now the opinions of all matter, especially if you are in a leadership role (at any level). Every person in the team is responsible for giving relevant, positive and constructive feedback. Such systems also help in identifying leaders for higher level positions in the organization. Senior managers could use this feed back for self development. Sony and Acer are implementing this HR tool for development of Human Capital. (The Best HR Capital Development Practice, Geetha Sharma 2007) Strengths: Motivational, Higher Retention of Employees, Leadership and Higher Production rates. Weakness: Misunderstanding and Disputes between executives and Managers. Page 3 Knowledge Sharing Adopt a systematic approach to ensure that knowledge management supports strategy. Store knowledge in databases to provide greater access to information posted either by the company or the employees on the knowledge portals of the company. When an employee returns after Attending any competencies or skills development program, sharing essential knowledge with others could be made mandatory. Innovative ideas (implemented at the work place) are good to be posted on these knowledge sharing platforms. However, what to store & how to maintain a Knowledge base requires deep thinking to avoid clutter. This HR Practice is performed at Google, Inc. and other large companies. Strengths: Responsibility of employees, Development in Teams. Weakness: Only Innovative Groups are encouraged leading to inequality. Fair Evaluation System for Employees Develop an evaluation system that clearly links individual performance to corporate business goals and priorities. Each employee should have well defined reporting relationships. Self rating as a part of evaluation process empowers employees. Evaluation becomes fairer if it is based on the records of periodic counseling & achievements of the employee, tracked over the year. For higher objectivity, besides the immediate boss, each employee should be screened by the next higher level (often called a Reviewer). Cross – functional feedback, if obtained by the immediate boss from another manager (for whom this employee’s work is also important), will add to the fairness of the system. A relative rating of all subordinates reporting to the same manager is another tool for fairness of evaluation. Normalization of evaluation is yet another dimension Page 4 Of improving fairness. This is practiced at many companies around the globe with Equal Opportunity Provider Including HSBC and American Embassy. Performance linked Bonuses Research with SBA, USA on Human Resources Practice: Paying out bonuses or having any kind of variable compensation plan can be both an incentive and disillusionment, based on how it is administered and communicated. Bonus must be designed in such a way that people understand that there is no payout unless the company hits a certain level of profitability. Additional criteria could be the team’s success and the individual’s performance. Never pay out bonus without measuring performance, unless it is a statutory obligation. Companies like Nokia and GM are implementing this practice. Strengths: High Productivity and Determination among Human Resources. Weakness: Cost Effective to the Company. Metrics to evaluate Organization Human Capital Development Processes: Research with Northern California Human Resources Association (NCHRA), Companies should evaluate the Human Capital Development by Estimating the ROI (Return on Investment) with the staff and other functionalities like revenue growth, market share and stock performance. Employee Retention and High Productive nature helps the companies to evaluate the Organizations Human Capital Development. Page 5 Companies should take Staffing as a Profit Center. Companies are spending more than ever on training programs to drive specific strategic initiatives and improve performance, yet they often fail to demonstrate the business value of their investments. Research with HR Metrics and Development Seminar, 2005: Each metric contains 2 to 5 performance indicators. For instance, â€Å"employee attitudes† metric includes the following indicators: Job Contentment (the percentage of employees satisfied with their job), and Manager Contentment (the percentage of employees satisfied with their manager). References †¢ Marcus Buckingham and Curt Coffman, First Break All the Rules (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1999). †¢ Accenture High Performance Workforce Study, 2002-2003. †¢ HR Capital Management and Development, Report, 2007. †¢ HR Metrics and Development Seminar, 2005. †¢ Human Resource Capital Institute, New York †¢ The Best HR Capital Development Practice, Geetha Sharma 2007. †¢ Northern California Human Resources Association (NCHRA), Website for HR Managers.

Your guide on how to become an electrician

Your guide on how to become an electrician There will always be a need for tradespeople who work with wiring, machines, and other electrical equipment. Electricians keep us powered up, and they possess specialized skills to do work that could be dangerous in the hands of an amateur. If you are considering joining the ranks of these essential professionals, there are several things you need to know about becoming an electrician. What do electricians do?This seems like a no-brainer: electricians work with electrical equipment. That job description is both accurate and completely inadequate because the term â€Å"electrical equipment† includes so much and the work is so varied. Electricians perform repairs, installations, and maintenance. We are probably most used to having electricians visit our homes to install new outlets or repair faulty wiring, but they also perform their work in factories, construction sites, shops, and businesses. They work indoors and out, and the equipment on which they work stretches well beyond household appliances and wiring. Electricians may also decide to specialize in wiring airplanes, ships, cable and data systems.As for the less-specialized electrician, there are four common types:Residential wiremen, who install and repair household wiring.Inside wiremen, who install and repair wiring in non-residential structures, such as factories, arenas, airports, schools, and office buildings.Outside linemen, who lay the cables that connect power plants to residences and buildings.Telecommunications electricians, who install television, telephone, and Internet cables.What skills do electricians have?Electricians do a lot more than connecting cables from one power source to another. They possess a large quantity of skills, both general and specific to their particular areas of specialization.General skills include:Understanding the National Electric Code, which is the regional standard for electrical safety requirementsProblem solvingElectrical safetyWorking with tools such as amp meters, digital multimeters, pliers, measuring devices, drills, saws, etc.Reading blueprintsPlotting the installation of wiring throughout buildingsLocating and replacing faulty wiresWorking with circuit breakers and fusesLocating the energy flow to transformers and circuit breakersAssessing the work of other electriciansEnsuring that electrical work is up to safety standardsManaging electrical crewsMentoring apprenticesMore specialized skills may include installing factory equipment, fiber optic cable, alarm systems, and intercom systems.What education do electricians need?Electrical work is not the kind of thing you need a master’s degree or even a bachelor’s degree to do. You will, however, need a high school diploma or GED. That’s because electricians need a solid foundation in reading comprehension, algebra, physics, trigonometry, and ideally, electronics. Shop and mechanical drawing classes can also be very relevant to the kind of work electricians per form, though these courses are not offered by all high schools. Therefore, it might be useful to seek out extracurricular courses in these areas. They will help you to work with the equipment, understand the technical documents, and comprehend the scientific concepts involved in electrical work.What training do electricians need?While electricians are not expected to earn higher education degrees, they are expected to undergo formal training and earn licenses. This begins with a pre-apprenticeship training program. Such programs are often offered at trade and vocational schools. Although it is possible to find work as an apprentice without having already gone through a pre-apprenticeship program, such a program will make learning a lot easier.Following the pre-apprenticeship program, you will apply for an apprenticeship. The earlier you apply the better, because there will likely be a lot of candidates vying for available apprenticeships.As an apprentice, the goal is to learn the sk ills you need on the job- acting under high-pressure circumstances, trying to perform a service for a customer, and making your supervisor happy. In a pre-apprenticeship program, there’s more room to make the kinds of mistakes that all new students make. You would also get plenty of hands on training in the classroom and a firm understanding of the National Electric Code.There are several organizations that offer apprenticeships:The International Brotherhood of Electrical WorkersIndependent Electrical ContractorsThe National Electrical Contractors AssociationThe National Joint Apprenticeship and Training CommitteeWhen you apply for an apprenticeship, you may have to take an aptitude test that examines your basic reading comprehension, arithmetic, and algebra skills. Certain states have other requirements, such as becoming registered, that may include paying a fee.While apprenticing, you get on-the-job training from a licensed electrician and an hourly salary for your work. Yo u usually start out performing simple tasks, but these will get more and more complex as your training continues.What certification do electricians need?Once you have completed your apprenticeship, you will need to earn a license and/or certification depending on the state in which you plan to work. Each state has its own requirements. For example, some states only require licenses if you plan to start your own business, while others do not require licenses at all. In states that do require licenses, you will earn yours by passing an exam. The exam tests your knowledge of such concepts as how electricity works, job safety, regional laws, and the National Electric Code. Most states require some formal education and practical electrical training.How much do electricians earn?Electricians’ salaries can vary greatly, depending on factors like location, years of experience, and the specific company salary structure. On average, an electrician earns $25 per hour- about $13 per hour at the lower end of the scale and $35 per hour at the upper end. However, taking overtime, bonuses, tips, and profit sharing into account, the average annual salary is $52,720 and an electrician can earn as much as $82k per year. According to PayScale.com, two-thirds of electricians working in the United States also receive medical coverage.How is the job market for electricians?Short answer: great! According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the electrical industry is a fast growing one. With a 14% increase in jobs projected from 2014 to 2024, growth is happening much faster than it is in most other fields. This is due to a burst in construction of new homes and buildings. All of those structures need new wiring, and if you earn your electrician certification, that will be where you come in!

Creative Thinking Lesson Plans for Teachers

Creative Thinking Lesson Plans for Teachers Lesson plans and activities for teaching about inventions by increasing creativity and creative thinking. The lesson plans are adaptable for grades K-12 and were designed to be done in sequence. Teaching Creativity Creative Thinking Skills When a student is asked to invent a solution to a problem, the student must draw upon previous knowledge, skills, creativity, and experience. The student also recognizes areas where new learnings must be acquired in order to understand or address the problem. This information must then be applied, analyzed, synthesized, and evaluated. Through critical and creative thinking and problem-solving, ideas become reality as children create inventive solutions, illustrate their ideas, and make models of their inventions. Creative thinking lesson plans provide children with opportunities to develop and practice higher-order thinking skills. Throughout the years, many creative thinking skills models and programs have been generated from educators, seeking to describe the essential elements of thinking and/or to develop a systematic approach to teaching thinking skills as part of the school curricula. Three models are illustrated below in this introduction. Although each uses different terminology, each model describes similar elements of either critical or creative thinking or both. Models of Creative Thinking Skills Benjamin BloomCalvin TaylorIsaksen and Treffinger The models demonstrate how creative thinking lesson plans could provide an opportunity for students to experience most of the elements described in the models. After teachers have reviewed the creative thinking skills models listed above, they will see the critical and creative thinking and problem-solving skills and talents that can be applied to the activity of inventing. The creative thinking lesson plans that follow can be used across all disciplines and grade levels and with all children. It can be integrated with all curricular areas and used as a means of applying the concepts or elements of any thinking skills program that may be in use. Children of all ages are talented and creative. This project will give them an opportunity to develop their creative potential and synthesize and apply knowledge and skills by creating an invention or innovation to solve a problem, just as a real inventor would. Creative Thinking - List of Activities Introducing Creative ThinkingPracticing Creativity with the ClassPracticing Creative Thinking with the ClassDeveloping an Invention IdeaBrainstorming for Creative SolutionsPracticing the Critical Parts of Creative ThinkingCompleting the InventionNaming the InventionOptional Marketing ActivitiesParent InvolvementYoung Inventors Day Imagination is more important than knowledge, for imagination embraces the world. -  Albert Einstein Activity 1: Introducing Inventive Thinking and Brainstorming Read about the Lives of Great InventorsRead the  stories  about great inventors in class or let students read themselves. Ask students, How did these inventors get their ideas? How did they make their ideas a reality? Locate books in your library about inventors, invention, and creativity. Older students can locate these references themselves. Also, visit the  Inventive Thinking and Creativity Gallery Talk to a Real InventorInvite a local inventor to speak to the class. Since local inventors are not usually listed in the phone book under inventors, you can find them by calling a  local patent attorney  or your  local intellectual property law association. Your community may also have a  Patent and Trademark Depository Library  or an  inventors society  that you may contact or post a request. If not, most of your major companies have a research and development department made up of people who think inventively for a living. Examine InventionsNext, ask the students to look at the things in the classroom that are inventions. All the inventions in the classroom that have a U.S. patent will have a  patent number. One such item is probably  the pencil sharpener. Tell them to check out their house for patented items. Let the students brainstorm a list all of the inventions they discover. What would improve these inventions? DiscussionIn order to guide your students through the inventive process, a few preliminary lessons dealing with creative thinking will help set the mood. Begin with a brief explanation of brainstorming and a discussion on the rules of brainstorming. What is Brainstorming?Brainstorming is a process of spontaneous thinking used by an individual or by a group of people to generate numerous alternative ideas while deferring judgment. Introduced by Alex Osborn in his book Applied Imagination, brainstorming is the crux of each of the stages of all problem-solving methods. Rules for Brainstorming No CriticismAllowed People tend to automatically evaluate each suggested ideatheir own as well as others. Both internal and external criticism  is  to be avoided while brainstorming. Neither positive nor negative comments are allowed. Either type inhibits the free flow of thought and requires time which interferes with the next rule. Write each spoken idea down as it is given and move on.Work for QuantityAlex Osborn stated that Quantity breeds quality. People must experience a brain drain (get all the common responses out of the way) before the innovative, creative ideas can surface; therefore, the more ideas, the more likely they are to be quality ideas.Hitchhiking WelcomeHitchhiking occurs when one members idea produces a similar idea or an enhanced idea in another member. All ideas should be recorded.Freewheeling EncouragedOutrageous, humorous, and seemingly unimportant ideas should be recorded. It is not uncommon for the most off-the-wall idea to be the best. Activity  2: Practicing Creativity with the Class Step 1:  Cultivate the following creative thinking processes described by Paul Torrance and discussed in The Search for Satori and Creativity (1979): Fluency the production of a great number of ideas.Flexibility the production of ideas or products that show a variety of possibilities or realms of thought.Originality the production of ideas that are unique or unusual.Elaboration the production of ideas that display intensive detail or enrichment. For practice in elaboration, have pairs or small groups of students choose a particular idea from the brainstorming list of invention ideas and add the flourishes and details that would develop the idea more fully. Allow the students to share their innovative and  inventive ideas. Step 2:  Once your students have become familiar with the rules of brainstorming and the creative thinking processes, Bob Eberles  Scamperr  technique for brainstorming could be introduced. Substitute What else instead? Who else instead? Other ingredients? Other material? Other power? Another place?Combine How about a blend, an alloy, an ensemble? Combine purposes? Combine appeals?Adapt What else is like this? What other idea does this suggest? Does past offer parallel? What could I copy?Minify Order, form, shape? What to add? More time?Magnify Greater frequency? Higher? Longer? Thicker?Put to other uses New ways to use as is? Other uses I modified? Other places to use? Other people, to reach?Eliminate What to subtract? Smaller? Condensed? Miniature? Lower? Shorter? Lighter? Omit? Streamline? Understate?Reverse Interchange components? Another pattern?Rearrange another layout? Another sequence? Transpose cause and effect? Change pace? Transpose positive and negative? How about opposites? Turn it backward? Turn it upside-down? Reverse roles? Step 3:  Bring in any object or use objects around the classroom to do the following exercise. Ask the students to list many new uses for a familiar object by using the Scamper technique with regard to the object. You could use a paper plate, to begin with, and see how many new things the students will discover. Make sure to follow the rules for brainstorming in Activity 1. Step 4:  Using literature, ask your students to create a new ending to a story, change a character or situation within a story, or create a new beginning for the story that would result in the same ending. Step 5:  Put a list of objects on the chalkboard. Ask your students to combine them in different ways to create a new product. Let the students make their own list of objects. Once they combine several of them, ask them to illustrate the new product and explain why it might be useful. Activity 3: Practicing Inventive Thinking with the Class Before your students begin to find their own problems and create unique inventions or innovations to solve them, you can assist them by taking them through some of the steps as a group. Finding the Problem Let the class list problems in their own classroom that need solving. Use the brainstorming technique from Activity 1. Perhaps your students never have a pencil ready, as it is either missing or broken when it is time to do an assignment (a great brainstorming project would be to solve that problem). Select one problem for the class to solve using the following steps: Find several problems.Select one to work on.Analyze the situation.Think of many, varied, and unusual ways of solving the problem. List the possibilities. Be sure to allow even the silliest possible solution, as creative thinking must have a positive, accepting environment in order to flourish. Finding a Solution Select one or more possible solutions to work on. You may want to divide into groups if the class elects to work on several of the ideas.Improve and refine the idea(s).Share the class or individual solution(s)/invention(s) for solving the class problem. Solving a class problem and creating a class invention will help students learn the process and make it easier for them to work on their own invention projects. Activity 4: Developing an Invention Idea Now that your students have had an introduction to the inventive process, it is time for them to find a problem and create their own invention to solve it. Step One:  Begin by asking your students to conduct a survey. Tell them to interview everyone that they can think of to find out what problems need solutions. What kind of invention, tool, game, device, or idea would be helpful at home, work, or during leisure time? (You can use an Invention Idea Survey) Step Two:  Ask the students to list the problems that need to be solved. Step Three:  comes the decision-making process. Using the list of problems, ask the students to think about which problems would be possible for them to work on. They can do this by listing the pros and cons for each possibility. Predict the outcome or possible solution(s) for each problem. Make a decision by selecting one or two problems that provide the best options for an inventive solution. (Duplicate the Planning and Decision-Making Framework) Step Four:  Begin an  Inventors Log  or Journal. A record of your ideas and work will help you develop your invention and protect it when completed. Use Activity Form - Young Inventors Log to help students understand what can be included on every page. General Rules For Authentic Journal Keeping Using a  bound notebook, make notes each day about the things you do and learn while working on your invention.Record your idea and how you got it.Write about problems you have and how you solve them.Write in ink and do not erase.Add sketches and drawings to make things clear.List all parts, sources, and costs of materials.Sign and date all entries at the time they are made and have them witnessed. Step Five:  To illustrate why record-keeping is important, read the following story about Daniel Drawbaugh who said that he invented the telephone, but didnt have one single paper or record to prove it. Long before  Alexander Graham Bell  filed a patent application in 1875, Daniel Drawbaugh claimed to have invented the telephone. But since he had no journal or record, the  Supreme Court  rejected his claims by four votes to three. Alexander Graham Bell had excellent records and was awarded the patent for the telephone. Activity 5: Brainstorming for Creative Solutions Now that the students have one or two problems to work on, they must take the same steps that they did in solving the class problem in Activity Three. These steps could be listed on the chalkboard or a chart. Analyze the problem(s). Select one to work on.Think of many, varied, and unusual ways of solving the problem. List all of the possibilities. Be non-judgmental. (See Brainstorming in Activity 1 and SCAMPER in Activity 2.)Select one or more possible solutions to work on.Improve and refine your ideas. Now that your students have some exciting possibilities for their invention projects, they will need to use their critical thinking skills to narrow down the possible solutions. They can do this by asking themselves the questions in the next activity about their inventive idea. Activity 6: Practicing the Critical Parts of Inventive Thinking Is my idea practical?Can it be made easily?Is it as simple as possible?Is it safe?Will it cost too much to make or use?Is my idea really new?Will it withstand use, or will it break easily?Is my idea similar to something else?Will people really use my invention? (Survey your classmates or the people in your neighborhood to document the need or usefulness of your idea - adapt the invention idea survey.) Activity 7: Completing the Invention When students have an idea that meets most of the above qualifications in Activity 6, they need to plan how they are going to complete their project. The following planning technique will save them a great deal of time and effort: Identify the problem and a possible solution. Give your invention a name.List the materials needed to illustrate your invention and to make a model of it. You will need paper, pencil, and crayons or markers to draw your invention. You might use cardboard, paper, clay, wood, plastic, yarn, paper clips, and so forth to make a model. You might also want to use an art book or a book on model-making from your school library.List, in order, the steps for completing your invention.Think of the possible problems that might occur. How would you solve them?Complete your invention. Ask your parents and teacher to help with the model. In SummaryWhat - describe the problem. Materials - list the materials needed. Steps - list the steps to complete your invention. Problems - predict the problems that could occur. Activity 8: Naming the Invention An invention can be named in one of the following ways: Using the inventors  name:Levi Strauss   LEVIS ® jeansLouis Braille Alphabet SystemUsing the components or ingredients of the invention:Root BeerPeanut ButterWith initials or acronyms:IBM  ®S.C.U.B.A. ®Using word  combinations (notice repeated  consonant sounds  and rhyming words):KIT KAT  ®HULA HOOP  Ã‚ ®PUDDING POPS  ®CAPN CRUNCH  ®Using the products function:SUPERSEAL  ®DUSTBUSTER  ®vacuum cleanerhairbrushearmuffs   Activity Nine: Optional Marketing Activities Students can be very fluent when it comes to listing ingenious names of products out on the market. Solicit their suggestions and have them explain what makes each name effective. Each student should generate names for his/her own invention. Developing a Slogan or JingleHave the students define the terms slogan and jingle. Discuss the purpose of having a slogan. Sample slogans and jingles: Things go better with Coke.COKE IS IT!  ®TRIX ARE FOR KIDS  ®OH THANK HEAVEN FOR 7-ELEVEN  ®TWOALLBEEFPATTIES...GE: WE BRING GOOD THINGS TO LIFE!  ® Your students will be able to recall many  slogans  and jingles! When a slogan is named, discuss the reasons for its effectiveness. Allow time for thought in which the students can create jingles for their inventions. Creating an AdvertisementFor a crash course in advertising, discuss the visual effect created by a television commercial, magazine, or newspaper advertisement. Collect magazine or newspaper ads that are eye-catchingsome of the ads might be dominated by words and others by pictures that say it all. Students might enjoy exploring newspapers and magazines for outstanding advertisements. Have students create magazine ads to promote their inventions. (For more advanced students, further lessons on advertising techniques would be appropriate at this point.) Recording a Radio PromoA radio promo could be the icing on a students advertising campaign! A promo might include facts about the usefulness of the invention, a clever jingle or song, sound effects, humor... the possibilities are endless. Students may choose to tape record their promos for use during the Invention Convention. Advertising ActivityCollect 5 - 6 objects and give them new uses. For instance, a toy hoop could be a waist-reducer, and some strange looking kitchen gadget might be a new type of mosquito catcher. Use your imagination! Search everywherefrom the tools in the garage to the kitchen drawerfor fun objects. Divide the class into small groups, and give each group one of the objects to work with. The group is to give the object a catchy name, write a slogan, draw an ad, and record a radio promo. Stand back and watch the creative juices flow. Variation: Collect magazine ads and have the students create new advertising campaigns using a different marketing angle. Activity Ten: Parent Involvement Few, if any, projects are successful unless the child is encouraged by the parents and other caring adults. Once the children have developed their own, original ideas, they should discuss them with their parents. Together, they can work to make the childs idea come to life by making a model. Although the making of a model is not necessary, it makes the project more interesting and adds another dimension to the project. You can involve parents by simply sending a letter home to explain the project and let them know how they may participate. One of your parents may have invented something that they can share with the class.   Activity Eleven: Young Inventors Day Plan a Young Inventors Day so that your students can be recognized for their  inventive thinking. This day should provide opportunities for the children to display their inventions and tell the story of how they got their idea and how it works. They can share with other students, their parents, and others. When a child successfully completes a task, it is important that (s)he be recognized for the effort. All children who participate in the Inventive Thinking Lesson Plans are winners. We have prepared a certificate that can be copied and given to all children who participate and use their inventive thinking skills to create an invention or innovation.