Computerisation in a business like Craven Plc Essay

Plotters: A device designed to produce charts, drawings, maps and other forms of graphical information on paper. The images can be produced by pens, electro-statically, or ink jets. Storage Methods There are two different forms of storage available these are main storage and backing storage. Main Storage: This consists of the Hard disk drive (HDD) and the floppy disk drive. These are storage facilities present within the computer. Information can be saved onto the HDD ready to be opened at some future date. Application software packages and programmes are also stored on the hard disk. The average PC will have an internal HDD of at least 6Gb. The floppy disk drive is another type of main storage. It uses floppy disks to store information in a similar way to a hard drive. Backing Storage: The performance of a computer system can be improved by the addition of more memory. If there is too little memory then more frequent access to the hard disk is required and this will slow down the overall system performance. Therefore many computer applications require quick, direct access to individual records within a file. For this reason, we need backing storage. Backing storage comes in various forms for example compact disks and floppy disks. Backing storage is a portable and convenient way of saving information. To reduce the risk of data loss it is wise to save information on the computers hard drive and make a copy onto a disk or another type of backing storage for insurance purposes. Types of backing storage:   Floppy disks: The most common storage device available, these provide extremely cheap storage and have a capacity of 1. 5 Mb.   Compact Disk (CD-ROM): These have been used for some years as storage devices for computer software. It only accesses information which is already stored on it and is able to store 650 Mb of information.   Zip Drives: A storage device that has become popular over the last few years because it offers the convenience and portability of a floppy disk, combined with a 100 Mb capacity. CD-R and CD-RW:The difference being that CD-R disks can only have data saved to them once, While CD-RW can be used in the same manner as other storage devices having data saved to them on a re-usable basis.   DVD (digital versatile disc) using the same basic principles as the CD, DVD packs the data more densely and can store 4. 7Gb compared with the CD’s 650Mg, can hold 133 minutes of video, with Dolby surround sound. Data pens: A new storage device that plugs into the computers USP drive. These are small and compact and have a capacity of 80Mb. Magnetic Tape: Convenient and cheap medium for backing up hard disks onto computers. Mostly used for mainframe computers for storing information for a long duration. Magnetic tapes will not be suitable for a small company like Craven Plc. Data Protection: Craven Plc must comply with the data protection act in order to hold personal information of customers. The data protection act works in two ways. It gives you certain rights. It also says those who record and use personal information must be open about how the information is used and must follow the eight principles for good handling. The eight principles were put in place to make sure that your information is handled properly. They say that data must be: 1. Fairly and lawfully processed. 2. Processed for limited purposes. 3. Adequate, relevant and not excessive. 4. Accurate. 5. Not kept for longer than is necessary. 6. Processed in line with your rights. 7. Secure, and 8. Not transferred to countries without adequate protection. Micro computers: Micro computers include personal computers and laptop computers, they are usually equipped with hard disk, floppy disk drive, between 1 and 32 megabytes of memory, a keyboard and a VDU unit. Microcomputers will be suitable to fulfil the needs of Craven Plc. Mainframe Computers: These are large systems that can hold vast amounts of data. Mainframe computers occupy a whole floor of a fair sized building. These powerful mainframe computers are present in very large companies storing huge amounts of data on to disk. Mainframe computers cost tens of thousands of pounds, therefore they are not suitable for a small business like Craven Plc. File Server: This is a specially configured microcomputer to control the exchange of files between network users. A file server also has more memory and disk storage than normal microcomputers. These classifications of computers are usually based on physical size, speed, processing capabilities, memory size, disc storage, capacities and cost. Direct and Sequential Access: Direct access devices can go directly to the file or record. For example a CD can go directly to track number 10. Sequential access devices have to run through the file sequentially, for instance, if we want track 10 on a cassette, The cassette moves from the beginning from track 1 to 9 until it comes to track 10. 4) Proposed purchases and prices of equipment 2x Sony Intel 2. 6GHZ DVD CDRW Laptop   256Mb RAM, 40Gb Hard Drive   DVD/CDRW Drive   15 inch TPT screen i 899 each = i 1798 4x Packard Bell 6111 Intel Pentium 42. 8GHZ processor and 15† TFT monitor   Intel P4 2. 8 GHz processor 512 Mb RAM   160 GHb Hard Drive i 1199 each =i 4796 4x PacKard Bell 5050 and Xp2600+ PC and 17† CRT monitor   Athlon Xp 2600 & processor   256Mb RAM. 60 Gb hard Drive i 549 each =i 2196 4x Hewlet Packard DJ 9300 A3 Desktop printer i 279 each =i 1116 3x Hewlet Packard scanner i 99 each =i 396 Network- Windows 2000 professional i 3449 Web Designer Approx 3000to4000 Training costs i 2000 Specialist soft ware – Sage Accounts i 2000 Web Train Video Conferencing i 1000 Total cost i 22751 5) Proposed method of change over from manual to the new computerised systems Before the change over can take place an extensive training programme needs to take place. This may take several months to train the current workforce in the correct operating procedures of the new system. To ensure information will not be lost in transition the old manual method needs to be in place for the first 2 months along side the new computerised system. In the unlikely case of system collapse information and data will still be on hand. This change over will inevitably endure a small cost of training and staff development. 6) Procedure to transfer the payroll from the old to the new system Payroll is something Craven Plc cannot afford to get wrong. Therefore manual systems need to be in place for 3-4 months along side the new computerised sage accounts system. This will again ensure against loss of data.

Mahatma Gandhi Essay

Mahatma Gandhi Leadership Style The Father of the Nation is now being held up as the master strategist, an exemplary leader, and someone whose ideas and tactics corporate India can emulate. Gandhi reinvented the rules of the game to deal with a situation where all the available existing methods had failed. He broke tradition. He understood that you cannot fight the British with force. So he decided to change the game in a fundamentally different way. He unleashed the power of ordinary people, inspired women and men in the country to fight under a unifying goal. Resource constraint did not bother him. That was the motivation. Gandhi’s leadership style is being termed as ‘follower-centric’ and one that took into account existing conditions before determining the strategy. Gandhi advocated having leadership styles that were dependent on the circumstances. When Gandhi was in South Africa, he launched his protests in a suit and a tie. But when he came back to India, he thought of  khadi  (handspun and hand-woven cloth) and launched non-violent protests on a greater scale, It shows that Gandhi’s leadership style was situational leadership style. A Quote from the book: Count your chickens before they hatch by Arindam Chaudhuri â€Å"Mahatma Gandhi’s example to me is a perfect case of adopting styles to suit the culture. The country today stands divided on whether what he did was good or bad†¦ I just know one thing: there was never a leader before him nor one after him who could unite us all and bring us out in the streets to demand for what was rightfully ours. To me, he is the greatest leader  our land has ever seen. It is ‘Theory ‘I’ management’ at its practical best: productively and intelligently utilizing whatever the resource you are endowed with,† says Chaudari.

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 21

Essay Example It might not help in generating additional revenues in the short-run. But, it can enhance employee productivity in the long-run through maintaining a healthy relation with them and becoming responsible for their personal well-being. Again, through maintaining a good customer relation, the company can create a positive image in the society that will definitely help it in winning customer loyalty. Moreover, a good image can help a company in preventing implementations of government regulations on its activities that are sometimes known to be a consequence of popular public demands. This paper however, concentrates upon corporate social responsibilities, i.e., a corporate house’s concern towards environmental sustainability and climate changes and the strategies that a corporate should adopt to protect them (Social Responsibility and Organizational Ethics, 2001). Environmental sustainability implies the measures that an organisation can take for the purpose of environmental protection and thus social welfare. It becomes a very important aspect of corporate responsibility since the well-being of the entire population as well as the future generation depends on it. Some important terminology being used in this paper while discussing the strategies that a company should ideally undertake for environmental protection and making room for climate changes are – Natural Resources – these are resources that are found in nature and are not necessary to be created artificially. Natural Resources can be of two types – exhaustible and inexhaustible. The former ones are those that cannot be restored once they are spent and hence need to be used with much care and concern. On the other hand, inexhaustible resources are those that could be restored and thus do not have a diminishing stock. So, it becomes an important corporate responsibility to protect these exhaustible natural resources and make as little use as possible of them, since everything in our nature

US Colonial North American from 1607-1865 Research Paper

US Colonial North American from 1607-1865 - Research Paper Example I oppose his idea of containment. We have seen how the governor implements his ideas. He looks for opportunities such as this to increase taxes and exploit the business community (Billings 90). I oppose that and call for the elimination of Indians. Containment is Governor Berkeley’s avenue to raise taxes. Furthermore, the idea is not viable. Instead, the governor should find a long-lasting solution to the Indian menace. The governor has constantly called for containment, a policy that will result in the creation of fortified defensive systems. The idea is to arm the whites and make them ready for any attack. In case of such attacks, the whites with their weapons will come out and kill the Indians. This proves that we are talking about the same thing, extermination of the Indians. That remains the surest way of dealing with the Indian menace; the natives have systematically raided white homes and killed the people I represent. While we both propose the same idea, I call for a cheaper way of dealing with the problem, one that will not cause the hard working whites any increment in taxes. The governor has corrupted the political system. I oppose his governance because of his corrupt ways. He has cunningly removed the system of public rule by bribing the entire Lower House of the Assembly. He gives massive favors to his friends in the assembly thereby turning noblemen into â€Å"yes men† who cannot oppose the governor (Grizzard and Smith.51). The poor whites that I represent continue to languish in poverty and live in deplorable conditions. I refuse to watch Englishmen suffer while the governor continues to enrich himself. He for example influenced the Burgesses to meet at statehouse where he made it clear to the representatives that they served at his mercy. I oppose such an archaic system of government and propose a society where we will not have to worry out protecting ourselves because of a weak enemy that we

Literature and cinematography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Literature and cinematography - Essay Example On the other side, film directors never neglect renowned novels because they are aware of the fact that the same can help them to unleash their individual freedom. Within the context of romance vampire novel genre, authors provide ample importance to the supernatural elements and romance. On the other side, romantic vampire film genre provides importance to romance, supernatural elements and visual effects. Thesis statement: Although the film Twilight and the book Twilight tell the story, the film and the book differ in the approach to plot, love story, and supernatural elements. General information: Twilight (novel) Twilight, the novel by Stephenie Meyer, published in the year 2005, was a bestseller. This work is the first work among the Twilight series. The novel consists of the romantic love story between a teen aged girl named as Isabella Swan and a vampire named as Edward Cullen. The love story gradually transforms into the conspiracy of vampires to hunt human beings, including Isabella. In the end, James, another vampire tries to hunt Isabella and he was destroyed by Edward, Isabella’s lover. General information: Twilight (film) Twilight, the film by Catherine Hardwicke, released in the year 2008, was a box-office hit. Besides, this film is based on Stephenie Meyer’s work named as Twilight. In the film, Kristen Stewart acted as Isabella Swan and Robert Pattinson acted as Edward Cullen. ... The novel’s plot is simple and can be described as the love story between a girl and a vampire. In the novel, the novelist makes use of the plot which connects the real world of Isabella "Bella" Swan and the fictitious/supernatural world of Edward Cullen. Then, the simple plot develops into the amalgamation of real life situation and supernatural world of vampires. Gradually, the plot thickens and the heroine and the hero are thrown into the world of vampires. In the novel, the novelist made use of her imagination, verbal description, and dialogues to move forward the plot. In short, the author utilizes the simple plot to lead the readers towards thrill and horror. On the other side, Catherine Hardwicke treats the plot as the basic element which connects the love story and the supernatural world of vampires. To be specific, all the things that are visualized by the author must be presented by the director. But, Catherine Hardwicke co-operated with Stephenie Meyer and some of t he scenes from the novel underwent alteration. For instance, in the novel, Bella reveals the fact that she is aware of Edward’s real identity. In the film this scene occurs in a pasture, but in the novel the same scene occurs in Edward’s vehicle. So, the director was aware of the fact that she is transforming the plot from printed media to visual media and the same pose a number of scopes and challenges. Love story In the novel, the novelist treats the element of love story as the inherent theme. The novelist never ignores the heroine’s passionate love towards the hero. Nancy Reagin made clear that, â€Å"Speaking of flammable, one of the most striking differences between the Twilight series and other vampire romances is the

Latin America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Latin America - Essay Example In addition, thousands of people moved in to work on the projects, an aspect which further led to degraded environment and global warming. The subdivision of land led to reduced food, turning small holder’s farmers into peasants ( Hobbs, 2008). Mining areas degraded farming lands and destroyed the natural environment for micro-organisms. These developments were both for worse and better of the region. For worse, the natural environment had been destroyed and better, it lead to production of minerals which spurred economic growth. Initially, the entire Latin America was under colonial government which also had many interests in the region. It had an America based United Fruit company which functioned as a unifying factor in the region. The Company owned large tracts of land which covered or spilled in nearly all countries in Latin America. This means that Latin America during colonial time was actually treated like one region geographically ( Hobbs, 2008). As such, the company and thus, the United States had a lot of influence on the regional politics. However, local leaders started changing laws governing land. For instance, the president of Guatemala, Arbenz developed land reform laws that were actually seen as a threat to the existence or interests of the American Based Fruit company. The president did not stay for long; he was ousted in 1954 by a group supported by CIA. This aspect disorganized the politics of the region. In fact, some of the countries in the region have not been so stable in terms of leadership. They also play second fiddle to the US when it comes to international trade treaties. What is more, its institutions have lacked behind of because of the unstable leadership. For instance, Mexico only started maximizing its petroleum potential in 2003, despite having discovered the mineral in 1960 ( Hobbs, 2008). Personally, I think the challenges faced by the region were instigated or triggered by the colonial government. For instance, most of

U choose Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

U choose - Research Paper Example Abstract expressionism is also known as Action Painting, Colour Filed Painting or Gestural Abstraction because the strokes of the painting brush revealed the artist’s process. The painting technique is the subject of art itself. According to Harold Rosenberg, Abstract Expression became an event and therefore, dubbed it â€Å"Action Painting† in 1952. Art historians however  review that his definition of art as Action painting leaves out the aspects of control and chance. Abstract Expression therefore  comes from three major sources: Kandinsky’s abstraction, chance according to Dadaist, and the Surrealist’s endorsement of Freudian theory, which embraces, sexuality, the relevance of dreams and the authenticity of ego, which abstract expressionism express through â€Å"action†. The term Abstract Expressionism was first coined in Germany, Europe in 1919 in the magazine â€Å"Der Stum† in regards to German expressionists. It was later adopted in the U.S in 1946 and was applied to the American art by critic Robert Coates. History Abstract Expressionism was spearheaded by a number of Artists in America (strongly influenced by European expatriates) who had grown up during the collapse of world order, influenced by World War II and the Cold War aftermath. The artists  saw the two art movement of 1930s called the  Social realism and Regionalism – failed to satisfy their desire for artistic growth. They were therefore, influenced by European refugees whose approach to art opened up new possibilities for artistic growth. The refuges included the German Expressionist George Grosz (1893-1959),   Arshile Gorky  the Armenian-born , who settled in the US in 1920, the Cubist Fernand Leger (1881-1955), the German-born Hans Hofmann who migrated to America in 1930, the Bauhaus abstract painter Josef Albers (1888-1976)the geometrical abstractionist Piet Mondrian (1872-1944) Dada artist Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968), and the S urrealists Yves Tanguy (1900-55), Max Ernst (1891-1976), Andre Masson (1896-1987) and Andre Breton (1896-1966). The Surrealist artists were extremely influential with Jackson Pollock taking up their idea of unconscious automatic painting. The exiles’ significance in the development of American art was acknowledged by Jackson Pollock himself. â€Å"The fact that good European Moderns are now here is highly powerful for they bring with them an understanding of the problems of modern painting.† The Development of Abstract Expressionism The development of abstract expressionism was influenced by a few key figures and indigenous painters. Albert Pinkham Ryder (1847-1917) was an early precursor of abstract expressionism. A key transitional figure between the years before the World War II and the years after was Stuart Davis who focused on the integrity of his pictorial structure. Stuart’s works were viewed as an American extension of Cubism. However, despite his close contact with Fernand Leger (A master of Cubism), Stuart’s works were brightly coloured, solid, clear and flat. Stuart’s works were of exceptional influence to the artists of the 1940s-1950s and consequently on Pop Art. In the same era, â€Å"Precisionists† also proved influential with their portrayal of contemporary America in a boldly coloured, hard-edged version of Cubism. However, the two most influential pioneers of Abstract Expressionism were Hans Hofmann (1880-1966) and Arshile Gorky (1905-1948), neither of whom was connected with the early European expressionist movement in Germany. Gorky’